Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a treatment used to help reduce menopause symptoms by replacing hormones—primarily estrogen and progesterone—that decline as women approach menopause.​

HRT can help treat hot flashes, night sweats, sleep problems, mood swings, low mood, anxiety, and vaginal dryness.​

Most women experiencing menopause symptoms can take HRT. However, HRT may not be suitable if you have a history of some cancers, blood clots, untreated high blood pressure, liver disease, or if you are pregnant.​

There are two main types: estrogen-only HRT (for women who have had a hysterectomy) and combination HRT with estrogen and progestogen (for women with their uterus). HRT can be taken as tablets, patches, gels, creams, or vaginal rings.​

HRT can relieve many menopausal symptoms, improve quality of life, and help prevent bone loss and osteoporosis.​

Possible side effects include breast tenderness, headaches, nausea, and bloating. HRT may slightly increase the risk of breast cancer, blood clots, stroke, or heart disease, depending on your medical history and the type of HRT used.​

Many women take HRT for as long as they have symptoms, but the length of use should be discussed with your doctor based on personal risks and preferences.​

Alternatives include lifestyle changes, non-hormonal medications, and some antidepressants, which may help manage hot flashes or mood symptoms. Some women also use herbal therapies or vaginal moisturizers for specific symptoms.​

It is still possible to become pregnant while taking HRT. Proper contraception should be used until you are certain you have reached menopause.​

Consult a health professional to consider your symptoms, medical history, personal preferences, and risk factors in selecting the most suitable HRT option.